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The process that is essential for maintaining effective project scope is change management. This process involves identifying, documenting, and managing changes to the project scope throughout its lifecycle. As projects progress, changes can arise due to various factors, including stakeholder requests, unforeseen challenges, or shifts in organizational strategy.

By implementing a robust change management process, project teams can evaluate the impacts of proposed changes on scope, time, and costs, ensuring that any adjustments are made with careful consideration. This helps prevent scope creep, which can jeopardize the project's success by exceeding resource allocations or diverging from original project objectives.

By contrast, while risk analysis identifies potential threats to the project, and quality control ensures that outputs meet specified standards, neither directly manages changes to the scope. Project integration focuses on aligning various project components but does not specifically address the nuances of scope changes. Therefore, change management is the cornerstone for effectively controlling and maintaining a project's scope.