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The primary function of a System Authorization Plan (SAP) is to guide risk management activities. A SAP outlines the framework and processes necessary for assessing and managing the risks associated with information systems. It serves as a structured approach to identifying potential security risks, determining their impact on the system and organization, and implementing appropriate controls to mitigate those risks. By focusing on risk management, a SAP ensures that all potential threats are systematically evaluated and addressed, leading to a more secure and compliant system.

While options related to authorizing systems, defining assessment protocols, and ensuring compliance are important aspects of governance, they fall under the broader umbrella of risk management. A SAP specifically centers around the identification and management of risks to ensure that systems are authorized based on a thorough assessment of potential vulnerabilities and their implications for the organization. This focus integrates risk management with system authorization processes, making it a critical component of effective governance and compliance practices.